Peptic Ulcer Disease Overview

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a condition characterized by the formation of open sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach, duodenum (the first part of the small intestine), or esophagus. It is a common digestive disorder that affects people of all ages but is more common in adults.

The most common cause of peptic ulcers is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). H. pylori infection weakens the protective lining of the stomach, allowing digestive acids to damage the lining and form ulcers. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen can also cause peptic ulcers.

Symptoms of peptic ulcers include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, and dark or bloody stools. The symptoms may vary depending on the location and severity of the ulcers. Peptic ulcers can be diagnosed through various tests including endoscopy, biopsy, and blood tests.

Treatment of peptic ulcers typically involves the use of antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori infection, acid-reducing medications, and lifestyle changes such as avoiding NSAIDs and reducing stress. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the ulcers.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of peptic ulcers as untreated ulcers can lead to serious complications such as bleeding, perforation, and obstruction.