Overview of Gout

Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects millions of people worldwide. It is caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, which can cause sudden and severe pain, swelling, and redness. Gout usually affects the big toe, but it can also affect other joints in the body such as the ankles, knees, wrists, and fingers. It is more common in men than women and can be inherited.

Gout occurs when the body produces too much uric acid, a waste product that is normally excreted through the kidneys. When the kidneys cannot eliminate uric acid properly, it builds up in the blood and can form crystals in the joints. This can happen if the body produces too much uric acid, if the kidneys are not functioning properly, or if a person consumes a diet high in purines, which are substances found in certain foods like red meat, seafood, and alcohol.

People with gout can experience sudden and intense pain in the affected joint, which can be accompanied by swelling, redness, and warmth. The pain can be so severe that it can wake a person up at night. Gout attacks can last for several days or weeks, and over time, frequent gout attacks can cause joint damage and deformity.

There are medications that can be prescribed to treat gout, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, and corticosteroids, which can reduce inflammation and pain. Lifestyle changes can also be helpful in managing gout, such as avoiding foods high in purines, maintaining a healthy weight, and staying hydrated.