Overview of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a mental health condition that affects a person’s mood, energy, activity level, and ability to function. People with bipolar disorder experience episodes of extreme highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).

During a manic episode, a person with bipolar disorder may feel elated, euphoric, or irritable. They may have racing thoughts, rapid speech, little need for sleep, and engage in risky behavior such as excessive spending or impulsive sexual encounters. Hypomania is a milder form of mania.

During a depressive episode, a person with bipolar disorder may feel sad, hopeless, or empty. They may have little energy or motivation, difficulty concentrating, and may experience changes in sleep and appetite.

Bipolar disorder can be classified into several types, including bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by the presence of at least one manic episode, while bipolar II disorder is characterized by the presence of at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode. Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder characterized by numerous episodes of hypomania and depression that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for bipolar I or II disorder.

Bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose, as it shares symptoms with other mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, proper diagnosis and treatment are important to help people with bipolar disorder manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives.