Non-Insulin Injectable Diabetes Medications

Non-insulin injectable medications are a class of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes. They are administered subcutaneously and are designed to help regulate blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Non-insulin injectable medications work by increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing glucose production in the liver.

There are several types of non-insulin injectable medications used in diabetes treatment, including:

1. GLP-1 receptor agonists: These drugs mimic the action of a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that is produced in the intestine. They increase insulin secretion and reduce the production of glucose in the liver. Examples of GLP-1 receptor agonists include exenatide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide.
2. Amylin mimetics: These drugs mimic the action of a hormone called amylin, which is produced in the pancreas along with insulin. They help reduce post-meal glucose levels by slowing down gastric emptying and reducing appetite. Pramlintide is an example of an amylin mimetic.
3. SGLT2 inhibitors: These drugs work by blocking a protein called sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys. This leads to increased glucose excretion in the urine and lowers blood sugar levels. Examples of SGLT2 inhibitors include canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin.

Non-insulin injectable medications are usually prescribed along with lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, to help manage blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. They may also be prescribed in combination with other diabetes medications, including insulin. It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan for individual needs.