Anal Fissure: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

An anal fissure is a small tear or crack in the lining of the anal canal. It is a common condition that can occur at any age, but it is more common in young and middle-aged adults. Anal fissures can cause pain and discomfort, and may lead to bleeding during bowel movements.

Causes: Anal fissures are commonly caused by trauma to the anal canal, such as passing hard or large stools, chronic diarrhea, or childbirth. Other factors that can increase the risk of developing anal fissures include Crohn’s disease, anal cancer, and sexually transmitted infections.

Symptoms: The most common symptom of an anal fissure is pain, which is usually severe and sharp, and occurs during or after bowel movements. Other symptoms may include itching, burning, and bleeding during bowel movements.

Diagnosis: Anal fissures can be diagnosed by a physical exam, which may include an examination of the anal area and a digital rectal exam. In some cases, a visual exam may be performed using an anoscope, a small instrument that allows the doctor to look inside the anal canal.

Treatment: Treatment for anal fissures may include pain relievers, stool softeners, and fiber supplements to help prevent constipation and make bowel movements easier. Topical medications, such as ointments or creams, may also be used to help reduce pain and inflammation. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the fissure.

Prevention: The best way to prevent anal fissures is to maintain good bowel habits, including eating a high-fiber diet, staying hydrated, and avoiding straining during bowel movements. Regular exercise can also help keep the digestive system healthy and prevent constipation.