How a Stroke Damages the Brain

During a stroke, the brain does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients due to a disrupted or reduced blood supply, leading to brain cell damage and death. The extent of the damage depends on the size and location of the stroke, as well as how long the brain has been without proper blood flow.

In an ischemic stroke, brain cells may die within minutes of the blockage occurring. If the blockage is not removed quickly, more cells may die in the hours and days following the stroke.

In a hemorrhagic stroke, the bleeding can damage brain cells and tissues by increasing pressure in the skull and compressing brain tissue. The blood may also irritate the brain tissue and cause inflammation, further damaging cells.

The damage caused by a stroke can result in a range of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms, such as paralysis, weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, memory loss, depression, and anxiety. The effects of a stroke can be long-lasting and may require ongoing medical and rehabilitative care.