Stroke Overview

Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident, is a medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is disrupted or reduced, leading to brain cell damage and possibly permanent brain damage or death. Stroke can be caused by two major types: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.

Ischemic stroke is the most common type, accounting for about 87% of all strokes. It occurs when a blood clot or plaque buildup in a blood vessel blocks the blood flow to the brain. Hemorrhagic stroke is less common, accounting for about 13% of all strokes. It occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and causes bleeding in the brain.

The symptoms of stroke may include sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body), sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding speech, sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes, sudden severe headache, and loss of balance or coordination. If you or someone you know experiences any of these symptoms, it is important to seek immediate medical attention.

Risk factors for stroke include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, a family history of stroke, and a previous history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), also known as a mini-stroke. Preventive measures include controlling blood pressure, quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet and weight, and exercising regularly.

Treatment for stroke may involve medications to dissolve blood clots, medications to control blood pressure, and surgeries to repair or remove clots or hemorrhages. Rehabilitation therapy may also be necessary to help stroke survivors recover lost skills and regain independence. Early intervention and treatment are crucial in minimizing the damage caused by stroke and maximizing the chances of recovery.