Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder that affects the large intestine. It is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, which means that the symptoms are caused by changes in how the gut works, rather than by a specific disease or injury.

The exact cause of IBS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of factors, including abnormal muscle contractions in the intestine, problems with the way the brain and gut communicate, and sensitivity to certain foods or stress. It is also more common in people who have a family history of IBS or other gastrointestinal disorders.

Symptoms of IBS can vary widely between individuals, but common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and a feeling of incomplete bowel movement. These symptoms may be triggered by certain foods, stress, or hormonal changes.

Diagnosis of IBS typically involves ruling out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms, such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease. There is no single test for IBS, so diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and medical history.

Treatment for IBS often involves a combination of dietary changes, stress management, and medication. Dietary changes may involve avoiding certain trigger foods, increasing fiber intake, or following a low FODMAP diet. Stress management techniques such as exercise, meditation, or therapy may also be helpful. Medications may include laxatives, antidiarrheal drugs, or antispasmodics to help relieve symptoms.