Tests for Examining the Lower Digestive Tract

The lower digestive tract includes the small and large intestines, rectum, and anus. Many tests are available to examine this part of the digestive system, depending on the specific symptoms and conditions.

  1. Colonoscopy: This test uses a flexible tube with a camera to examine the rectum and colon. It is commonly used to screen for colon cancer and detect and remove polyps.
  2. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT): This test detects blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of polyps or cancer in the colon.
  3. Barium enema: A barium enema is a type of X-ray test used to examine the large intestine. Barium is a contrast agent that makes the intestine visible on X-rays.
  4. Sigmoidoscopy: This test uses a flexible tube with a camera to examine the rectum and the lower part of the colon.
  5. CT colonography: This test uses a CT scan to produce detailed images of the colon and rectum. It is an alternative to colonoscopy and may be used for people who cannot have colonoscopy due to medical conditions.
  6. Upper GI and small bowel series: This test involves swallowing barium to outline the stomach and small intestine. X-rays are then taken to examine the structure and function of the organs.
  7. Anal manometry: This test measures the strength and coordination of the anal sphincter muscles.
  8. Defecography: This test involves imaging the rectum and anus during a bowel movement. It can help diagnose disorders such as rectal prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction.
  9. Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE): This test uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to produce detailed images of the small intestine. It can help diagnose conditions such as Crohn’s disease and other inflammatory bowel diseases.
  10. Capsule endoscopy: This test involves swallowing a small, pill-sized camera that takes pictures of the small intestine as it travels through the digestive tract. It is useful for diagnosing conditions such as small bowel tumors and Crohn’s disease.

It is important to discuss with a healthcare provider to determine which tests are appropriate and necessary for each individual case.