Overview of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a common form of arthritis that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in joints wears down over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body, but it most commonly affects the hands, hips, knees, and spine.

Risk factors for osteoarthritis include age, gender (women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis than men), genetics, obesity, joint injuries or overuse, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis is more common in people over the age of 50, although it can occur at any age.

Symptoms of osteoarthritis can vary depending on the joint affected, but common signs include pain or tenderness, stiffness, swelling, a decreased range of motion, and a cracking or popping sensation in the joint. Symptoms may be worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity, and they may worsen over time.

There is no cure for osteoarthritis, but there are many treatment options available to manage symptoms and improve joint function. These include exercise and physical therapy, medications such as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs, joint injections with steroids or hyaluronic acid, and in severe cases, surgery to replace or repair damaged joints. Additionally, lifestyle changes such as weight loss and avoiding activities that put stress on the affected joint can help to reduce symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.